Estonia
ESTWind overtook solar on Estonia's grid in 2025.
Today wind supplies 19% and solar 18%.
What this grid depends on
Three measures that say more about a country than how much power it makes. Open “what this means” on any of them if the term is new.
Cleaner than 6 in 10 grids worldwide.
What this means
How much planet-warming gas is released to make one unit of electricity. Two countries can generate exactly the same amount and one of them be ten times dirtier doing it. Lower is better.
Estonia depends heavily on its neighbours for power.
What this means
The share of the electricity used here that was generated abroad and carried in over high-voltage lines. The higher it climbs, the more this country relies on a neighbour to keep its lights on.
Most of the fuel behind this grid is bought from abroad.
What this means
How much of what this grid runs on the country can supply itself. Sun, wind and water count fully, because nobody can cut them off; coal, gas and oil only as far as the country digs them up. A high score is not the same as a good grid: mining your own coal scores well, importing uranium scores badly.
Also true of Estonia
Estonia has taken the carbon out of its electricity fast.
573 grams of CO2e a kilowatt-hour in 2015, 319 in 2025.
Estonia's electricity is cleaner than the world average.
319 grams of CO2e a kilowatt-hour against a world figure of 458 — 30% below.
Estonia is first in the OECD for oil.
Oil supplies 39% of its electricity.
Estonia’s neighbours
Figures are for 2025, the most recent year reported for Estonia. Generation shares are a percentage of electricity generated, not of energy used. How this is calculated.